北京长城英文导游词

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北京长城英文导游词

　　 The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal(1) in India and

the Hanging Garden of Babylon(2), is one of the great wonders of the world.

Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province,

the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi

desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up

and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan

Mountain Chains through five provinces-Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and

Gansu--and two autonomous regions--Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the

northern China together.

　　 Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to

defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King

Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring

States period in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and

Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the

Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by

these ducal states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C., when Qin

conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the

connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis

of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was

constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC--1644 BC.),

which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening

centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive

reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368--

1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and

rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today. The Great

Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as

the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3

meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed

earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The

most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling

and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors. The Wall of

those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing

to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast.

There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the

top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk.

Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The

top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements,

while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and

gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower

at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like

"climbing a ladder to heaven". The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer.

The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until

they finally fade and merge with distant haze. A signal system formerly

existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic

capital. This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain

tops within sight of the Wall. At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals

gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at

night.

　　 Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places

within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern

communications. There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of

strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being

Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about

50 kilometers northwest of Beijing. Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First

Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs

forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been,

therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles

were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu

Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li

Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to

the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911) Jiayuguan Pass was not so much

as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center

in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the

rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the

first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206 B.C-24 A.D),

crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the

west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive

building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the

former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730

meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one.

On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are

occupied by four watch towers, one for each. Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient

Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked

by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th

century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud

terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch

spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used

to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Daynasty(1206-1368). At the

bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its

wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four

celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is

matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with

several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving.

The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago

in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of

Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and

ancient languages. As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China

but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural

architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also

the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations,

significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the

largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it

continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall

was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.

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标签： #导游 #北京 #英文

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北京长城英文导游词　　TheGreatWall,likethePyramidsofEgypt,theTajMahal(1)inIndiaandtheHangingGardenofBabylon(2),isoneofthegreatwondersoftheworld.StartingoutintheeastonthebanksoftheYaluRiverinLiaoningProvince,theWallstretcheswestwardsfor12,700kilometerstoJiayuguanintheGobidesert,thusknownastheTenThousandLiWallin...

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